The Phoenician alphabet is an ancient writing system developed by the Phoenicians, a civilization that thrived in the eastern Mediterranean from the 12th to the 3rd century BCE. It's a consonantal alphabet, meaning it primarily represents consonants, unlike later alphabets that included vowels. Its innovation was crucial to the development of many later alphabets, including Greek, Aramaic, and ultimately, the Latin alphabet that forms the basis of many scripts used today. This system significantly impacted the transmission of knowledge and culture throughout the ancient world.